| Substances:Category and Name |
Examples of Commercial and Street Names |
DEA Schedule*/How Administered** |
Intoxication Side Effects/Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment |
| Cannabinoids |
|
|
|
| hashish |
boom, chronic, gangster, hash, hash oil, hemp |
I/swallowed, smoked |
euphoria, slowed thinking and reaction time, confusion, impaired balance and
coordination / cough, frequent respiratory infections; impaired memory and
learning; increased heart rate, anxiety, panic attacks; tolerance, addiction |
| marijuana |
blunt, dope, ganja, grass, herb, joints, Mary Jane, pot, reefer, sinsemilla, skunk, weed |
I/swallowed, smoked |
| Depressants |
|
|
|
| barbiturates |
Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, Phenobarbital: barbs, reds, red birds, phennies, tooies,
yellows, yellow ackets |
II, III, V/injected, swallowed |
reduced anxiety; feeling of well-being; lowered inhibitions; slowed pulse and
breathing; lowered blood pressure; poor concentration / fatigue; onfusion;
impaired coordination, memory, judgment; addiction; respiratory depression
and arrest; death
Also, for barbiturates - sedation, drowsiness / depression, unusual excitement,
fever, irritability, poor judgment, slurred speech, dizziness, life-threatening
withdrawal
for benzodiazepines-sedation, drowsiness / dizziness
for flunitrazepam-visual and gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary retention,
memory loss for the time under the drug's effects
for GHB-drowsiness, nausea / vomiting, headache, loss of consciousness,
loss of reflexes, seizures, coma, death
for methaqualone-euphoria / depression, poor reflexes, slurred speech, coma |
benzodiazepines (other than flunitrazepam) |
Ativan, Halcion, Librium, Valium, Xanax: candy, downers, sleeping pills, tranks |
IV/swallowed, injected |
| flunitrazepam*** |
Rohypnol: forget-me pill, Mexican Valium, R2, Roche, roofies, roofinol, rope, rophies |
IV/swallowed, snorted |
| GHB*** |
gamma-hydroxybutyrate: G, Georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy |
I/swallowed |
| methaqualone |
Quaalude, Sopor, Parest: ludes, mandrex, quad, quay |
I/injected, swallowed |
| Dissociative Anesthetics |
|
|
|
| ketamine |
Ketalar SV: cat Valiums, K, Special K, vitamin K |
III/injected, snorted, smoked |
increased heart rate and blood pressure, impaired motor function / memory
loss; numbness; nausea / vomiting
Also, for ketamine-at high doses, delirium, depression, respiratory
depression and rest
for PCP and analogs-possible decrease in blood pressure and heart rate,
panic, aggression, violence/ loss of appetite, depression |
| PCP and analogs |
phencyclidine: angel dust, boat, hog, love boat, peace pill |
I, II/injected, swallowed, smoked |
| Hallucinogens |
|
|
|
| LSD |
lysergic acid diethylamide: acid, blotter, boomers, cubes, microdot, yellow sunshines |
I/swallowed, absorbed through
mouth tissues |
altered states of perception and feeling; nausea; persisting perception
disorder (flashbacks)
Also, for LSD and mescaline-increased body temperature, heart rate, blood
pressure; loss of appetite, sleeplessness, numbness, weakness, tremors
for LSD-persistent mental disorders
for silocybin-nervousness, paranoia |
| mescaline |
buttons, cactus, mesc, peyote |
I/swallowed, smoked |
| psilocybin |
magic mushroom, purple passion, shrooms |
/swallowed |
| Opioids and Morphine Derivatives |
|
|
|
| codeine |
Empirin with Codeine, Fiorinal with Codeine, Robitussin A-C, Tylenol with Codeine: Captain Cody, Cody, schoolboy; (with glutethimide) doors & fours, loads, pancakes and syrup |
II, III, IV, V/injected, swallowed |
pain relief, euphoria, drowsiness / nausea, constipation, confusion, sedation,
respiratory depression and arrest, tolerance, addiction, unconsciousness,
coma, death
Also, for codeine-less analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression than
morphine
for heroin-staggering gait |
| fentanyl and fentanyl analogs |
Actiq, Duragesic, Sublimaze: Apache, China girl, China white, dance fever, friend, goodfella, jackpot, murder 8, TNT, Tango and Cash |
I, II/injected, smoked, snorted |
| heroin |
diacetylmorphine: brown sugar, dope, H, horse, junk, skag, skunk, smack, white horse |
I/injected, smoked, snorted |
| morphine |
Roxanol, Duramorph: M, Miss Emma, monkey, white stuff |
II, III/injected, swallowed, smoked |
| opium |
laudanum, paregoric: big O, black stuff, block, gum, hop |
II, III, V/swallowed, smoked |
| oxycodone HCL |
OxyContin: Oxy, O.C., killer |
II/swallowed, snorted, injected |
| hydrocodone bitartrate, acetaminophen |
Vicodin: vike, Watson-387 |
II/swallowed |
| Stimulants |
|
|
|
| amphetamine |
Biphetamine, Dexedrine: bennies, black beauties, crosses, hearts, LA turnaround, speed, truck drivers, uppers |
II/injected, swallowed, smoked, snorted |
increased heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism; feelings of exhilaration,
energy, increased mental alertness / rapid or irregular heart beat; reduced
appetite, weight loss, heart failure, nervousness, insomnia
Also, for amphetamine-rapid breathing / tremor, loss of coordination;
irritability, anxiousness, restlessness, delirium, panic, paranoia, impulsive
behavior, aggressiveness, tolerance, addiction, psychosis
for cocaine-increased temperature / chest pain, respiratory failure, nausea,
abdominal pain, strokes, seizures, headaches, malnutrition, panic attacks
Substances: DEA Schedule
for MDMA-mild hallucinogenic effects, increased tactile sensitivity, empathic
feelings / impaired memory and learning, hyperthermia, cardiac toxicity, renal
failure, liver toxicity
for ethamphetamine -aggression, violence, psychotic behavior / memory
loss, cardiac and neurological damage; impaired memory and learning,
tolerance, addiction
for nicotine-additional effects attributable to tobacco exposure: adverse
pregnancy outcomes; chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, stroke,
cancer; tolerance, addiction |
| cocaine |
Cocaine hydrochloride: blow, bump, C, candy, Charlie, coke, crack, flake, rock, snow, toot |
II/injected, smoked, snorted
|
| MDMA (methyl- enedioxymeth amphetamine) |
Adam, clarity, ecstasy, Eve, lover's speed, peace, STP, X, XTC |
I/swallowed |
| methamphetamine |
Desoxyn: chalk, crank, crystal, fire, glass, go fast, ice, meth, speed |
II/injected, swallowed, smoked,
snorted |
| methylphenidate (safe and effective for treatment of ADHD) |
Ritalin: JIF, MPH, R-ball, Skippy, the smart drug, vitamin R |
II/injected, swallowed, snorted |
| nicotine |
cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, snuff, spit tobacco, bidis, chew |
not scheduled/smoked, snorted,
taken in snuff and spit tobacco |
| Other Compounds |
|
|
|
| anabolic steroids |
Anadrol, Oxandrin, Durabolin, Depo-Testosterone, Equipoise: roids, juice |
III/injected, swallowed, applied
to skin |
no intoxication effects / hypertension, blood clotting and cholesterol changes,
liver cysts and cancer, kidney cancer, hostility and aggression, acne; in
adolescents, premature stoppage of growth; in males, prostate cancer, reduced
sperm production, shrunken testicles, breast enlargement; in females, menstrual
irregularities, development of beard and other masculine characteristics |
| Dextromethorphan (DXM) |
Found in some cough and cold medications; Robotripping, Robo, Triple C |
not scheduled/swallowed |
Dissociative effects, distorted visual perceptions to complete dissociative
effects / for effects at higher doses see 'dissociative anesthetics' |
| inhalants |
Solvents (paint thinners, gasoline, glues), gases (butane, propane, aerosol propellants, nitrous oxide), nitrites (isoamyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl): laughing gas, poppers, snappers, whippets |
not scheduled/inhaled through nose or mouth |
stimulation, loss of inhibition; headache; nausea or vomiting; slurred speech,
loss of motor coordination; wheezing / unconsciousness, cramps, weight loss,
muscle weakness, depression, memory impairment, damage to cardiovascular
and nervous systems, sudden death |
|
*Schedule I and II drugs have a high potential for abuse. They require greater storage security and have a quota on manufacturing, among other restrictions. Schedule I drugs are available for research only and have no approved medical use; Schedule II drugs are
available only by prescription (unrefillable) and require a form for ordering. Schedule III and IV drugs are available by prescription, may have five refills in 6 months, and may be ordered orally. Some Schedule V drugs are available over the counter.
**Taking drugs by injection can increase the risk of infection through needle contamination with staphylococci, HIV, hepatitis, and other organisms.
***Associated with sexual assaults.
Brighton Hospital Patients Who Have Overcome Drugs and Alcohol
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Alcoholism |
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Meth, Methamptetamine |
|
Heroin & Crack |
| |
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Alcohol and Cocaine |
|
Crack |
|
Cocaine |
Additional Drug and Alcohol Treatment Success Videos
More Street Terms: Drugs and the Drug Trade
The ability to understand current drug-related street terms is an invaluable tool for law enforcement, public health, and other
criminal justice professionals who work with the public. This document contains over 2,300 street terms that refer to specific drug
types or drug activity.
Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment
More than three decades of scientific research have yielded 13 fundamental principles that characterize effective drug abuse treatment.
1. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. Matching treatment
settings, interventions, and services to each patient's problems and needs is critical.
2. Treatment needs to be readily available. Treatment applicants can be lost if
treatment is not immediately available or readily accessible.
3. Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of the individual, not just
his or her drug use. Treatment must address the individual's drug use and
associated medical, psychological, social, vocational, and legal problems.
4. At different times during treatment, a patient may develop a need for
medical services, family therapy, vocational rehabilitation, and social
and legal services.
5. Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is critical for
treatment effectiveness. The time depends on an individual's needs. For most
patients, the threshold of significant improvement is reached at about 3 months
in treatment. Additional treatment can produce further progress. Programs should
include strategies to prevent patients from leaving treatment prematurely.
6. Individual and/or group counseling and other behavioral therapies are
critical components of effective treatment for addiction. In therapy, patients
address motivation, build skills to resist drug use, replace drug-using activities with
constructive and rewarding nondrug-using activities, and improve problem-solving
abilities. Behavioral therapy also facilitates interpersonal relationships.
7. Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients,
especially when combined with counseling and other behavioral
therapies. Buprenorphine, methadone, and levo-alpha-acetylmethodol (LAAM)
help persons addicted to opiates stabilize their lives and reduce their drug use.
Naltrexone is effective for some opiate addicts and some patients with co-occurring alcohol dependence. Nicotine patches or gum, or an oral medication, such as buproprion, can help persons addicted to nicotine.
8. Addicted or drug-abusing individuals with coexisting mental disorders
should have both disorders treated in an integrated way.
9. Medical detoxification is only the first stage of addiction treatment and
by itself does little to change long-term drug use. Medical detoxification
manages the acute physical symptoms of withdrawal. For some individuals it is a
precursor to effective drug addiction treatment.
10. Treatment does not need to be voluntary to be effective. Sanctions or
enticements in the family, employment setting, or criminal justice system can significantly increase treatment entry, retention, and success.
11. Possible drug use during treatment must be monitored continuously.
Monitoring a patient's drug and alcohol use during treatment, such as through
urinalysis, can help the patient withstand urges to use drugs. Such monitoring
also can provide early evidence of drug use so that treatment can be adjusted.
12. Treatment programs should provide assessment for HIV/AIDS, hepatitis
B and C, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, and counseling to
help patients modify or change behaviors that place them or others at
risk of infection. Counseling can help patients avoid high-risk behavior and help
people who are already infected manage their illness.
13. Recovery from drug addiction can be a long-term process and frequently
requires multiple episodes of treatment. As with other chronic illnesses,
relapses to drug use can occur during or after successful treatment episodes.
Participation in self-help support programs during and following treatment often
helps maintain abstinence.
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Drugs Commonly Abused and Their Effects
